![]() ![]() In late Greek and medieval theory, the word was used for consonance, as opposed to διαφωνία ( diaphōnia), which was the word for "dissonance". The word referred to a variety of different concepts before ultimately settling on its current meaning designating a musical form. The word symphony is derived from the Greek word συμφωνία ( symphonia), meaning "agreement or concord of sound", "concert of vocal or instrumental music", from σύμφωνος ( symphōnos), "harmonious". Some symphonies also contain vocal parts (e.g., Beethoven's Ninth Symphony). Orchestral musicians play from parts which contain just the notated music for their own instrument. Symphonies are notated in a musical score, which contains all the instrument parts. Symphonies are almost always scored for an orchestra consisting of a string section ( violin, viola, cello, and double bass), brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments which altogether number about 30 to 100 musicians. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning common today: a work usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements, often four, with the first movement in sonata form. A performance of Gustav Mahler's Eighth Symphony in the Kölner Philharmonie by the Sinfonieorchester Wuppertal conducted by Heinz Walter Florin Ī symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often for orchestra.
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